<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/wp-content/themes/feed/atom.xsl"?>
<feed
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
        xmlns:wwe="http://release.wwe.com/atom/1.0"
        xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0"
        xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/"
        xml:lang="en-US"
        xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/wp-atom.php"
	>
    <title type="text">Zashin Law</title>
    <subtitle type="text">Zashin Law</subtitle>

    <updated>2026-05-26T12:39:40Z</updated>

    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com" />
    <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/feed/atom/</id>
    <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/feed/atom/?forceByPassCache=0.9486324465407708" />
	
	<generator uri="https://wordpress.org/" version="6.9.4">WordPress</generator>
<icon>/wp-content/uploads/sites/1404356/2024/05/cropped-ZashinLaw-site-icon-32x32.png</icon>
        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[How divorce should protect child’s education]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/04/how-divorce-should-protect-childs-education/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=50136</id>
            <updated>2026-04-20T20:14:53Z</updated>
            <published>2026-04-20T20:14:01Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Parents across the country and around the world often push their children to reach the highest levels of academic success. For many, admission to the most elite institutions, particularly the Ivy League, is seen as a defining marker of achievement leading to life-altering success. Yet with limited spots, intense competition and financial constraints, many capable students will not have access…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/04/how-divorce-should-protect-childs-education/"><![CDATA[Parents across the country and around the world often push their children to reach the highest levels of academic success. For many, admission to the most elite institutions, particularly the Ivy League, is seen as a defining marker of achievement leading to life-altering success.

Yet with limited spots, intense competition and financial constraints, many capable students will not have access to these institutions. This is an unfortunate reality of the academic ecosystem. Still, the opportunity to truly excel is not limited to a small number of elite schools. More important, in many cases, are the environments parents help create for their children, which can shape their success in lasting ways, regardless of where they ultimately enroll.

A recent analysis in The Atlantic suggests that the value of an Ivy League education lies less in classroom instruction and more in the environment they foster. Central to the article is the idea that the substance of education is fungible. However, what is irreplaceable is the intangible environment in which students are educated. Students are surrounded by high-achieving peers, strong networks and a culture that reinforces ambition and opportunity. Over time, these factors help shape long-term outcomes.

Parents, it seems, can have a meaningful influence on their children’s futures by intentionally shaping the environments in which they are raised and educated. This insight extends well beyond higher education. If environment plays a defining role in success, then the environments children grow up in deserve careful attention, particularly in the context of divorce.

Family law often focuses on custody arrangements, parenting time and financial support. These issues are essential. However, children also benefit from consistent access to stable, opportunity-rich environments that support their development over time. Divorce can disrupt those environments through relocation, changes in school districts and shifts in daily structure. These changes are not neutral. They can influence a child’s peer group, expectations and long-term trajectory.

Parents should aim to provide their children with an “Ivy League-like” environment, one defined by strong peer groups, high expectations and access to opportunity, regardless of marital status, wealth or the institution a child ultimately attends. Even when divorce introduces disruption, maintaining a focus on long-term growth and development remains essential.

Support for a child’s future success must extend beyond finances. Tools such as 529 college savings plans are important and should be prioritized, but financial preparation alone is not enough. Preparing a child for future opportunities requires sustained investment in academic development, extracurricular involvement, mentorship and guidance. It reflects years of effort in creating a home environment that fosters discipline, curiosity and resilience.

Decisions surrounding 529 college savings plans can also serve as a model for how parents approach a child’s future more broadly after divorce. When structured with a focus on long-term outcomes, rather than short-term disagreement, they reflect a shared investment in a child’s success. That same approach should carry over into decisions about schooling, environment and developmental support, where consistency and cooperation are often just as important as financial contributions. The choices parents make in these areas are critical and can play a decisive role in shaping whether a child has the opportunity to succeed in the future.

The environment provided at an Ivy League, or any collegiate institution whether private or public, builds upon and refines the foundation that families can and should be establishing at home. In many ways, these institutions serve as a continuation of that early environment, helping prepare students for the transition into adulthood.

For many families, education has long been viewed as a pathway to opportunity and stability across generations. That principle remains true. For parents navigating divorce, the question is not only what will be divided in separation, but what type of environment can be cultivated for their children going forward and how it will shape their development. Decisions about where a child lives, where they attend school and how they are supported over time are decisions that shape their future. Preserving access to strong environments, and the support systems that sustain them, should remain a central priority and can have a lasting impact on a child’s ability to succeed.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/how-divorce-should-protect-child-s-education/article_4294fc7b-cc0b-413e-a569-5c45240ce89d.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[Protecting your legacy after divorce]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/03/protecting-your-legacy-after-divorce/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=50116</id>
            <updated>2026-03-31T12:01:07Z</updated>
            <published>2026-03-31T11:58:08Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Divorce is often viewed as the end of a chapter, but it is also the beginning of a new financial and personal reality. One important step that many individuals overlook after a divorce is revisiting their estate plan. Updating wills, trusts and beneficiary designations is not only a matter of financial housekeeping. It is an opportunity to ensure that your…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/03/protecting-your-legacy-after-divorce/"><![CDATA[Divorce is often viewed as the end of a chapter, but it is also the beginning of a new financial and personal reality. One important step that many individuals overlook after a divorce is revisiting their estate plan. Updating wills, trusts and beneficiary designations is not only a matter of financial housekeeping. It is an opportunity to ensure that your legacy reflects your current priorities, relationships and values.

Estate planning is not just for the wealthy. At its core, it involves making intentional decisions about what happens to your assets and how your loved ones, and sometimes the causes you care about, will be supported in the future.

For individuals emerging from divorce, estate planning becomes especially important. Many people discover that their existing estate documents still name a former spouse as a beneficiary, executor or decision maker. Taking the time to review and update estate documents can help avoid confusion and ensure that your wishes are clearly reflected.

It is also important to review beneficiary designations on retirement accounts, life insurance policies and other financial accounts. Updating them after a divorce can help ensure that assets pass according to your current intentions.

In addition to protecting family members, many individuals choose to incorporate charitable giving into their estate plans. This type of charitable planning, often referred to as planned giving, allows individuals to support nonprofit organizations or causes that matter to them while maintaining financial flexibility during their lifetime.

Planned giving can take many forms. One common approach is a charitable bequest in a will or trust. This allows a person to designate a specific amount, percentage or asset to a charitable organization upon their passing. Because the gift occurs in the future, it generally does not affect current financial resources but can still create a meaningful impact.

Another option involves naming a charitable organization as a beneficiary of a retirement account, life insurance policy or investment account. For some individuals, this can be a simple way to incorporate philanthropy into an overall estate plan.

For individuals who have gone through divorce, charitable planning can also represent something more personal. Major life transitions often prompt people to reflect on their priorities and the legacy they want to leave behind. Some individuals decide to support educational institutions, community organizations, religious groups or other causes that have played an important role in their lives.

At the same time, thoughtful estate planning can help protect children and other family members. Parents may wish to ensure that assets are managed responsibly for the benefit of their children and that financial resources are distributed in a way that supports long term stability.

The key is intentionality. An estate plan should reflect your current life circumstances, not the life you lived years ago. Divorce is a significant life transition, and it is often an appropriate time to review financial and legal arrangements.

Because estate planning laws and personal circumstances vary, individuals should consider consulting qualified legal and financial professionals when reviewing or updating their estate plans.

Ultimately, estate planning and planned giving are about more than documents and tax considerations. They reflect personal values and priorities, allowing individuals to shape how their assets will support the people and communities that matter most to them in the future.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/protecting-your-legacy-after-divorce/article_849e4b75-69f4-483e-beed-2e2ff2c533cb.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[What families should know about Trump Accounts]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/02/what-families-should-know-about-trump-accounts/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=50097</id>
            <updated>2026-03-02T21:31:50Z</updated>
            <published>2026-02-23T22:00:11Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Congress has enacted a new savings vehicle for children known as Trump Accounts established under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, the 2025 federal tax package includes the Working Families Tax Cuts provisions. The program is now part of federal law, and families are beginning to ask what it means and when it begins. At its core, a Trump Account…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/02/what-families-should-know-about-trump-accounts/"><![CDATA[Congress has enacted a new savings vehicle for children known as Trump Accounts established under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, the 2025 federal tax package includes the Working Families Tax Cuts provisions. The program is now part of federal law, and families are beginning to ask what it means and when it begins.

At its core, a Trump Account is a tax-advantaged investment account created for a minor child. During childhood, it operates as a custodial account managed by a parent or guardian. Once the child reaches adulthood, it transitions to traditional IRA treatment. The objective is long-term asset building: funds are invested in broad U.S. equity index options and allowed to grow tax-deferred during what the statute describes as the child’s “growth period.”

It is important to clarify a common point of confusion. Any child under the age of 18 with a valid Social Security number may have a Trump Account established on their behalf. There is no requirement that the child be born during a particular year to open an account. A toddler, a middle schooler, or even a 17-year-old may be eligible to have an account opened once the system is operational.

However, the birth-year limitation applies to the federal pilot contribution. Only children born between Jan. 1, 2025, and Dec. 31, 2028, who are U.S. citizens with valid Social Security numbers, qualify for the one-time $1,000 federal deposit. Children born outside that four-year window may still have accounts opened, but they will not receive the automatic government seed contribution. In short, account eligibility is broad; federal seed eligibility is limited.

Although the law has passed, implementation occurs in stages. Families will be able to elect to open accounts through the tax filing process in early 2026, including through IRS forms and an online enrollment portal once available. Contributions from parents, relatives or employers begin July 4. That date marks the official operational launch of the program. The $1,000 federal contributions for eligible children will be deposited once accounts are properly established and administrative systems are fully active.

Annual contributions will be capped at $5,000 per child, subject to future adjustments, and employer contributions of up to $2,500 per year are permitted without being treated as taxable income to the employee. Withdrawals are generally restricted during childhood, and once the beneficiary turns 18, the account converts to traditional IRA treatment under existing retirement account rules.

Families already using tools such as a 529 plan should understand that Trump Accounts are not education specific. They are structured more broadly for long-term investment exposure and asset formation. For some families, this may serve as a complementary planning tool rather than a replacement for existing savings strategies.

The federal seed contribution is modest on its own. Its greater significance lies in introducing capital early and allowing compound growth to work over time. As with any new financial instrument, families should review how this account fits within their broader planning strategy. But the basic framework is now clear: Trump Accounts are law, they become operational in 2026, and families with eligible children should begin planning accordingly.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/article_98bd6788-ada5-4d9f-9793-a41c34b6992c.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[Digital assets and divorce: Protecting your online life during separation]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/01/digital-assets-and-divorce/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=50069</id>
            <updated>2026-02-06T12:59:44Z</updated>
            <published>2026-01-29T14:00:23Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Divorce has always involved identifying and dividing property. Today, that property increasingly includes assets and accounts that exist only in digital form. From cryptocurrency and online businesses to cloud-stored family photos and social media profiles, digital assets can hold significant financial value or represent deeply personal parts of a person’s identity. As digital life continues to expand, ensuring that these…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2026/01/digital-assets-and-divorce/"><![CDATA[Divorce has always involved identifying and dividing property. Today, that property increasingly includes assets and accounts that exist only in digital form. From cryptocurrency and online businesses to cloud-stored family photos and social media profiles, digital assets can hold significant financial value or represent deeply personal parts of a person’s identity. As digital life continues to expand, ensuring that these assets are properly managed during divorce has become an essential part of protecting one’s financial and emotional wellbeing.

<strong>Digital Property You Might Overlook</strong>

Many households now own valuable or sentimental digital assets without realizing it. These can include cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens, online payment app balances, monetized social-media accounts, domain names, digital creative works, or even loyalty program rewards. In Ohio, all property owned by either spouse, tangible or intangible, may be considered marital property if acquired during the marriage. Under Ohio Revised Code Section 3105.171, divorcing spouses must make full disclosure of all assets, and courts must divide marital property equitably. Digital holdings fall squarely within that framework, even if their value is hard to measure or easily concealed.

When a spouse fails to disclose assets, Section 3105.171(E) authorizes courts to impose penalties for “financial misconduct,” including concealment or nondisclosure. This can apply just as readily to a hidden cryptocurrency wallet or unreported online revenue stream as to a traditional bank account. Sophisticated attorneys increasingly see digital concealment as a growing challenge, which is why a detailed inventory and transparent disclosure are so important from the start.

<strong>Understanding Ohio’s Recognition of Digital Assets</strong>

Ohio law already acknowledges that digital property has real legal value. In 2017, the state adopted the Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act, which allows designated individuals to manage or transfer someone’s digital accounts much like physical property. This law defines a digital asset broadly, covering anything of value stored electronically, from investment accounts and cryptocurrency to online businesses and personal photos.

While that law mainly applies in estate planning, its logic extends to divorce. Because Ohio’s domestic relations statute requires spouses to disclose and divide all property acquired during the marriage, digital assets fall under the same rules. Hidden crypto wallets, monetized social media accounts, or online income streams must be reported and valued just like bank accounts or real estate. Failing to do so can lead to serious financial penalties if a court views the omission as concealment or misconduct.

In short, Ohio law treats digital property as genuine property, and divorcing spouses should too.

<strong>Valuation, Privacy and Security Challenges</strong>

Digital assets can be difficult to value and even harder to control. Cryptocurrency prices change rapidly, online businesses may depend on fluctuating traffic or algorithms, and creative content often carries both market and emotional worth. Lawyers sometimes collaborate with financial analysts or forensic accountants to determine an appropriate valuation.

Privacy and security present additional complications. Spouses commonly share devices and passwords during marriage. Once a separation begins, that shared access can become a risk. Without clear boundaries, one spouse might lock the other out of accounts, delete shared content, or misuse private communications. Establishing clear digital access rules early in the process protects both parties and prevents unintentional misconduct.

<strong>Evidence and Children’s Online Presence</strong>

Digital information can also become evidence in a case. Text messages, metadata, account logs and financial app histories may be relevant to support or rebut claims of conduct, income, or asset ownership. It is important that such materials be preserved properly as deleting or altering them can have legal consequences.

Divorce today also involves decisions about children’s digital lives. Parents may need to agree on who manages a child’s social media accounts, how online photos are shared and what digital boundaries exist in co-parenting arrangements. As more of family life moves online, these considerations should be part of every parenting plan.

<strong>Protecting Yourself Through Proactive Planning</strong>

Clients preparing for divorce should consider a digital asset review that includes:

• A complete inventory of online accounts and digital property

• Secure documentation of logins and access methods

• Professional valuation of significant digital holdings

• Updated privacy settings and device security

• Clear agreements in the divorce decree about digital-asset control

• Post-divorce updates to digital-estate planning documents

<strong>Moving Forward</strong>

Digital assets are now a routine part of everyday life. They reflect how people communicate, work and store value. As technology continues to evolve, these assets will play an even larger role in divorce cases. Ohio law already provides the foundation for treating them seriously and careful legal guidance ensures they are handled properly.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/digital-assets-and-divorce-protecting-your-online-life-during-separation/article_f480dad8-cde5-4fb4-939a-69b3fe1aa943.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[No substitute for practical experience in expert witnesses, reports]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/10/practical-experience-in-expert-witnesses-reports/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=49892</id>
            <updated>2025-11-21T14:35:30Z</updated>
            <published>2025-10-28T14:00:02Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Expert witnesses and reports – these are often a thorn in the side for many lawyers because of the difficult questions they bring up for those who need them. How much will they cost? Is it worth the time and money to have one done? Whom should I hire, or even where do I start? Irrespective of the kind of…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/10/practical-experience-in-expert-witnesses-reports/"><![CDATA[Expert witnesses and reports – these are often a thorn in the side for many lawyers because of the difficult questions they bring up for those who need them. How much will they cost? Is it worth the time and money to have one done? Whom should I hire, or even where do I start? Irrespective of the kind of expert at issue, financial, medical, engineering, psychological, legal, or otherwise, key considerations should include the relative amount of practical experience the so-called expert has.

I was recently hired as an expert witness in an international custody case in Florida. The court qualified me as an expert for the mother due to my years of experience dealing with custody cases generally and international custody disputes specifically as well as for my teaching and writings. I also happen to be licensed in Florida and have unique experience dealing with the Hague Convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction, a multinational treaty that governs the return of children wrongfully removed or retained across international borders.

Father’s expert, on the other hand, may be best described as a “professional expert” because his CV is almost exclusively filled with cases where he is retained as an expert. He has written considerably and has lectured on related topics, but he lacked practical experience.

There are many “professional experts.” Too often, these experts default to useful patterns when they present their opinions to courts. Sometimes this results in such experts recommending virtually the same outcome repeatedly. Sometimes, these opinions make little practical sense. In this case, the father’s expert’s lack of practical experience showed itself in his report and testimony to the court. He recommended that the mother not be allowed any international travel due to the risk that she may flee to Russia, a country which is not a member to the Hague Convention. Further, as an added precaution, he suggested that her visitation be supervised to prevent even the risk of abduction.

In the case I describe above, when I testified, I was able to explain why restricting mother’s ability to travel was both unfair and made no sense practically or legally. The other side put a lot of stock in a text that the mother sent to the father that said, “I might as well go back to Russia” and claimed that it showed a major risk that the mother would take the parties’ son with her to Russia and the son would not be able to be returned to the United States. I pointed out that the mother had sent this text eight years ago and that these types of texts are common in the context of a contentious divorce case.

Moreover, without other evidence during the interceding eight years, such as the selling of property or liquidating of assets indicating the mother is planning on leaving, it seems mother made an angry threat, and nothing more, a long time ago, as people do when they get divorced. Finally, mother had enjoyed for years since this text was made week on/week off visitation with the child and had never absconded with the child. I also stated that there is always a risk of travel, but that “a complete bar to international travel is absurd” and prevents the mother from taking completely normal and natural vacations with her son, such as a cruise. The court strongly agreed with me while disregarding the testimony of the father’s expert. The court acknowledged that my practical experience and common sense as a family law attorney gave more weight to my testimony as an expert.

Thus, in any legal matter, an expert who is worth their fee is one who is well rounded in their profession. It is vitally important for experts to not just write expert reports but to also have practical hands-on experience to back up their assertions. These experts are significantly more likely to create a new expert report for each case they are retained and are more in-the-know of recent developments in their fields. And, as we just saw in this Florida case, courts will often value these opinions more than those of professional experts.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/no-substitute-for-practical-experience-in-expert-witnesses-reports/article_93113da6-9506-4c5c-9525-3b3013a53a52.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[The One Big Beautiful Bill Act and its effect on charitable donations]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/10/the-one-big-beautiful-bill-act-effect-on-charitable-donations/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=49839</id>
            <updated>2025-10-27T15:46:42Z</updated>
            <published>2025-10-22T15:40:56Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[President Donald Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law on July 4. Among its many provisions, this widely publicized bill impacted charitable donations and how they can be deducted. These changes have not come into effect yet but will be starting in 2026. As these changes impact all taxpayers, regardless of whether they take a standard deduction…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/10/the-one-big-beautiful-bill-act-effect-on-charitable-donations/"><![CDATA[President Donald Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law on July 4. Among its many provisions, this widely publicized bill impacted charitable donations and how they can be deducted. These changes have not come into effect yet but will be starting in 2026. As these changes impact all taxpayers, regardless of whether they take a standard deduction or itemize, it is important to look at the ramifications and what they mean for potential donors, especially with the end of the year quickly approaching.

While the OBBBA affects all taxpayers as it relates to their charitable donations, its impact is widely disparate as it affects individuals who take the standard deduction and those who itemize their deductions. As such, anyone who is contemplating making a charitable donation should consider whether that gift would be better served if given in 2025 or whether that individual should wait until 2026, from a tax perspective. At the end of this article, I will give a general takeaway on how the OBBBA will impact charitable donations.

The OBBBA’s impact on those who take standard deductions is straightforward. First, the OBBBA increased the standard deduction for all single filers by $1,000 and for married couples filing jointly by $2,000. This brings up the total non-itemized deductions to $15,750 for single filers and $31,500 for married couples filing jointly. This is further indexed for inflation, meaning the standard deduction may go up in the future.

The OBBBA also reinstated a deduction for cash donations for individuals who do not itemize. This deduction, $1,000 for individuals and $2,000 for married couples filing jointly, is in addition to the standard deductions. There had been a similar provision through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, although that deduction was for up to $3,000 of charitable donations. It is also important to note that these deductions are for cash donations only; donor-advised funds are ineligible for this deduction.

Because this deduction does not start until 2026, individuals who take standard donations will not be able to benefit from the OBBBA deductions in 2025. Anyone who takes the standard deduction and is considering making a charitable donation would be better served, from a tax standpoint, to wait until 2026 and beyond to make that donation. This will impact a larger number of Americans, as most Americans take the standard donation. However, the $1,000 limit for individuals and $2,000 for married couples filing jointly is a hard cap, which means any additional charitable donations beyond that amount would not have any tax ramifications.

On the other hand, the OBBBA reduces the tax benefits for people who take itemized deductions as it pertains to their charitable donations in two main ways. First, itemized filers are limited to deducting charitable donations to 35% of their adjusted gross income. This cap applies even to filers who are in the 37% tax bracket (approximately $626,350 for single filers or $751,600 for married couples filing jointly). Furthermore, the OBBBA creates a floor of 0.5% of an itemized filer’s AGI. This means that the only donations that are deductible are those in excess of the floor. In simple terms, an individual with an AGI of $250,000 can only deduct charitable donations more than $1,250.

In short, taxpayers who itemize their deductions will see a reduced impact on their tax returns. Consequently, individuals who typically itemize their deductions would be better served to donating a larger amount in 2025, before the OBBBA takes effect, to maximize their deductions as it relates to their charitable donations.

Practically, the impact of the OBBBA is positive for most Americans, as approximately 90% of tax filers take the standard deduction. It remains to be seen whether the average American will take advantage of this potential deduction – whether because they are not making any charitable donations or through ignorance of this new provision in the OBBBA. However, this is a significant reduction for the ~10% of Americans who do take the itemized deductions – individuals who may be more likely to donate. The OBBBA seems to want to encourage more, smaller donations from the average earning American at the cost of larger donations from some higher net-worth individuals.

The OBBBA will undoubtedly impact the lives of many Americans. It is important to identify how it will influence you personally before it takes effect in 2026, as those considerations may guide your philanthropic decisions. Please note that this article does not purport to give legal advice. If you have any questions regarding how the One Big Beautiful Bill Act will apply to your unique financial situation, please contact your lawyer or tax professional.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/article_20d0c4f9-37de-4510-90e7-887e59fd38cd.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[A hidden cost of divorce: How people, often women, lose insurance and financial security]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/07/hidden-cost-of-divorce/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=49757</id>
            <updated>2025-07-18T19:36:22Z</updated>
            <published>2025-07-17T18:00:43Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Divorce has far-reaching effects on a person’s physical health, financial stability and long-term well-being. The disparity in insurance coverage between those who have it and those who do not have can often be traced back to bad divorce planning. The current structure of the United States insurance system, which ties insurance primarily to employment or marital status, leaves many women…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/07/hidden-cost-of-divorce/"><![CDATA[Divorce has far-reaching effects on a person’s physical health, financial stability and long-term well-being. The disparity in insurance coverage between those who have it and those who do not have can often be traced back to bad divorce planning. The current structure of the United States insurance system, which ties insurance primarily to employment or marital status, leaves many women particularly vulnerable post-divorce.

Research has consistently shown that women are far more likely than men to lose health insurance coverage after divorce. The seminal study documenting this modern reality, reaffirmed repeatedly, was conducted in 2012 found that nearly 115,000 American women lose private health insurance in the months following a divorce, and roughly 65,000 of them remain uninsured for months or even years afterward. Women who previously relied on their spouse’s employer-sponsored health plan are at especially high-risk, with nearly one in four of them becoming uninsured within six months of the divorce. This loss of coverage is not so temporary, as many divorced women remain uninsured for more than two years after their marriages end.

It is widely recognized that women are more likely to take on indispensable roles, in a traditional family setting, that reduces their access to employer-sponsored insurance. As a result, they frequently depend on their spouse’s insurance plans. When a marriage dissolves, that dependent coverage vanishes and many women are left in a gray zone – earning too much to qualify for Medicaid but not enough to afford individual insurance plans. According to the University of Michigan, this coverage gap is one of the most significant and under-discussed economic risks facing divorced spouses and women today.

The health and financial consequences of losing insurance can be severe. When the strain of divorce is compounded by the loss of coverage, it leads to a cycle of declining health and increasing out-of-pocket costs. Without insurance, many women forgo preventive care, delay necessary treatments, or accrue medical debt. These consequences extend beyond physical health; they also damage a person’s ability to remain financially independent and rebuild their life after divorce.

While the Affordable Care Act helped reduce some barriers, such as eliminating gender-based pricing and treating divorce as a qualifying life event for new enrollment, it did not eliminate the affordability problem. Premiums and deductibles in the individual market remain high, and many women are unaware of, or unable to, take advantage of these provisions. COBRA coverage, which allows ex-spouses to remain on a former partner’s plan for up to 36 months, is another option, but its cost is often prohibitive. Divorce settlements do not always account for these expenses, leaving women to bear the burden alone unless insurance arrangements are explicitly negotiated in the divorce decree.

Divorce settlements should include clear terms about insurance continuation, payment responsibility, and access to COBRA or ACA plans. That means that the cost of ongoing insurance premiums for a spouse, woman or man, should be considered prior to the divorce settlement and, if at all possible, specifically considered and negotiated as part of the divorce settlement. Thereafter, insurance, health insurance and insurance of any sort, must be treated as a critical component of post-decree planning, especially for those who are not employed full-time.

Policymakers should also consider expanding Medicaid eligibility for the recently divorced and offering targeted subsidies in the ACA marketplace to bridge the affordability gap. Ultimately, greater public awareness is needed so that people can prepare for this risk and advocate for their healthcare and insurance needs during divorce negotiations.

The link between divorce and insurance loss illustrates a broader issue in American social policy. Women are systemically and disproportionately exposed to the loss of insurance coverage during the transformative time of divorce. These gaps in coverage are not just bureaucratic failures – they are deeply human ones, affecting the wellness and future of divorced women. Ensuring equitable access to insurance must be seen as a basic protection in the wake of marital dissolution.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/article_1bb82bf2-3929-4dab-8bf5-e48632e88efb.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[Service animal regulations on flights: Soon to be no-fly zone for all pups?]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/06/service-animal-regulations-on-flights/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=49753</id>
            <updated>2025-07-18T19:21:57Z</updated>
            <published>2025-06-27T17:00:44Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Americans love their pets. More specifically, they love their dogs. Sorry cat lovers. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, dog ownership tops cat ownership by a wide margin, with other animals distantly trailing both. Dogs provide us with companionship, and can fill gaping emotional voids and love those who need it most. Schools, hospitals, institutions and workplaces often invite…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/06/service-animal-regulations-on-flights/"><![CDATA[Americans love their pets. More specifically, they love their dogs. Sorry cat lovers. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, dog ownership tops cat ownership by a wide margin, with other animals distantly trailing both. Dogs provide us with companionship, and can fill gaping emotional voids and love those who need it most. Schools, hospitals, institutions and workplaces often invite therapy dogs to bring comfort and smiles to the environment. Over the past few decades, people have started to bring their dogs to many more public places than just the dog park. Restaurants, stores and markets are typically inviting places for dogs to visit with their owners. But what about those who might not be so comfortable in sharing these spaces with other people’s dogs? Whose rights triumph?

The Americans with Disabilities Act safeguards citizens with a disability who use a service animal from business and state/local government discrimination. Any business or nonprofit entity open to the public must also allow service animals in their spaces. The Air Carrier Access Act requires airlines to allow service animals on U.S. flights. Access is much more limited, at least on paper, to other non-service pets. Emotional support animals and therapy dogs are not afforded the same level of legal entitlement that service dogs have.

Town and Country Magazine recently published an article discussing the complications of bringing animals, specifically dogs, on plane rides. The article’s author describes the dilemma flight attendants face in ensuring that passengers are genuinely accompanied by a trained service animal. Although the U.S. Department of Transportation passed a rule restricting free flights to trained service animals only (other animals are allowed to travel in a carrier if the owner purchases a ticket), the fear of cancel culture dominates as attendants hesitate to question owners about the validity of their dog as a service animal.

The ADA prevents people from asking owners for proof of documentation that a dog is registered and licensed as a service animal. Therein lies a loophole for anyone to fill out an airline form attesting that their pet is a service animal, hop on a plane with a dog that is not guaranteed to be properly trained and potentially expose passengers to disruptive behavior that can be annoying, or worse, threatening. For example, a man who brought a full-sized Great Dane on a plane last year sparked an online debate as people doubted the dog’s status as a service dog. Some users appeared to be fine with the dog’s presence, but many others deemed it disrespectful and ironically “emotionally distressing,” especially when considering potential passengers with dog trauma.

Delta Airline’s website features a service animal request form from the department of transportation. This form asks owners to identify the assumed service animal, confirm that it is up to date with vaccines, has been trained to perform a task to assist with a disability and that the animal can behave in a public setting. Besides asking the owner to provide a name and number for the animal’s training provider, there is little more to the form than what was just outlined. Lying on one of these forms is a federal crime and carries significant fines, but one must wonder if the possibility of facing such a penalty actually deters fraud, especially when there are very few ways to verify whether a dog is trained as a service animal without documentation.

The current vetting process airlines use to distinguish service animals from other types of pets cannot be trusted. The increased abuse and manipulation of rights afforded to service animal owners exposes passengers and crew members to tense flights and possible safety and health concerns, but it also minimizes the importance of allowing passengers with disabilities to be accompanied by service animals thoroughly trained to respond directly to their individual medical needs. Without clear enforcement guidelines, airlines will likely tighten their rules to make the application process all the more difficult for owners of trained and licensed service animals.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/article_b9c4c162-78e7-43ce-b043-8559e7b06048.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[Landmark estate, gift, generation-skipping tax exemptions expire at year’s end]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/06/estate-gift-generation-skipping-tax-exemptions/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=49734</id>
            <updated>2025-06-18T13:34:29Z</updated>
            <published>2025-06-16T17:00:33Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[In 2017, a Republican-controlled House and Senate passed the landmark Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The TCJA more than doubled the maximum that donors can give their beneficiaries without incurring federal gift or estate taxes. At the end of 2025, several provisions of the Act are set to expire, or “sunset” – one being the federal generation-skipping transfer tax tax-exemption.…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/06/estate-gift-generation-skipping-tax-exemptions/"><![CDATA[In 2017, a Republican-controlled House and Senate passed the landmark Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The TCJA more than doubled the maximum that donors can give their beneficiaries without incurring federal gift or estate taxes. At the end of 2025, several provisions of the Act are set to expire, or “sunset” – one being the federal generation-skipping transfer tax tax-exemption.

GST tax may sound familiar but is often overlooked. The GST tax-exemption applies to transfers of assets to beneficiaries who are more than one generation younger than the donor, without incurring taxes. The U.S. government initially enacted the GST tax in 1976 to prevent wealthy families from passing assets down through generations without ever paying taxes on the transferred assets. Under TCJA, the GST tax exemption is $13.99 million per individual in 2025, and married couples have a combined GST tax exemption of nearly $28 million. Starting next year, that amount is set to revert to a forecasted $7 million baseline per individual, back to what it was in 2017 and indexed for inflation. The GST tax is currently set at a flat rate of 40% on transfers above the tax exemption amount. As 2025 comes to a close, high net worth individuals are urgently arranging to utilize the current estate, gift and GST tax exemptions to make high value transfers to their beneficiaries before the TCJA sunset, otherwise risking potential significant estate and generation-skipping transfer tax upon death.

Wealthy couples at the onset of a divorce are all the more pressed to transfer their assets, because divorce terminates the possibility of sharing the GST tax exemption. If couples fail to properly plan for wealth transfer, they could cost their beneficiaries millions in taxes. Before divorces finalize, family law attorneys and estate planning attorneys are working in close coordination with one another to help clients maximize the use of federal estate, gift and GST tax exemptions. Depending on whether divorcing parties want to pursue separate or joint estate and tax planning strategies, lawyers may want to either accelerate or delay the proceedings to conveniently time the final divorce decree.

Property division negotiations and settlements can also be carefully timed and structured so that both parties can maximize the utilization of exemptions, especially for clients with high-value estates. Dynasty trusts are a time-honored planning tool used by estate planning experts for tax efficient wealth transfer. Dynasty trusts are common among wealthy families, as they can theoretically last for generations and protect assets from repeat taxation on assets at every generation. In blended families, dynasty trusts are even more complex when considering children from previous relationships. Some couples might choose to create their own separate dynasty trusts in such situations. Wealthy couples planning to separate need to consider how their approach to transferring assets can impact their descendants for generations to come.

As the provisions of the TCJA come to a halt at the end of this year, all readers should be aware that the exemptions subject to be cut nearly in half can drastically impact various taxable assets such as investment portfolios, real estate, business interests and life insurance policies. As discussed, the exemptions will affect not just generation-skipping transfers, but will extend to lifetime gifts and bequests upon death. Other provisions set to expire by the end of the year include the reversion of standard and charitable deductions, the child tax credit, and business income deductions to pre-TCJA rates. Assuming that Congress does not act between now and the end of 2025, paying attention to the approaching expiration dates of the TCJA tax provisions and planning accordingly, can save millions in tax liability.

On a final note, the Trump Administration’s “Big Beautiful Bill,” passed by the House on May 22, includes proposals that would not just prevent the sunset of the current estate, gift and GST tax exemptions, but would alter the TCJA provisions (like raising exemption thresholds, boosting deductions) and make them permanent. The Tax Foundation reports that one of the bill’s provisions would permanently increase the estate and gift tax exemption from $13.99 million to $15 million per individual starting in 2026, indexed for inflation. Consider it a sort of tax amnesty on inherited wealth if the bill is passed. The pending provisions would allow the wealthiest of Americans to pass down assets that they themselves have worked towards and paid taxes on already, but it also perpetuates the nation’s growing class divide and potentially imbalances tax burdens to middle and lower-income families.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/columnists/andrew_zashin/landmark-estate-gift-generation-skipping-tax-exemptions-expire-at-year-s-end/article_cb9cb17a-225d-4871-acdb-f453bc36f2d7.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	        <entry>
            <author>
									                    <name>by Andrew  Zashin</name>
				            </author>
            <title type="html"><![CDATA[When philanthropic giving goes wrong]]></title>
            <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/02/when-philanthropic-giving-goes-wrong/" />
            <id>https://www.zashinlaw.com/?p=49649</id>
            <updated>2025-02-27T15:46:42Z</updated>
            <published>2025-02-25T19:00:31Z</published>
					<taxo:topics><![CDATA[-]]></taxo:topics>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Jewish people are particularly good at philanthropic giving. This cultural proclivity probably stems from the Jewish religious imperative to give tzedakah, charity to promote what is good and just in society. Today, it is common to see Jewish names plastered across hospitals, university buildings, libraries, synagogues and cultural institutions of every sort. There are innumerable personal, financial, moral and social…]]></summary>
			                <content type="html" xml:base="https://www.zashinlaw.com/blog/2025/02/when-philanthropic-giving-goes-wrong/"><![CDATA[Jewish people are particularly good at philanthropic giving. This cultural proclivity probably stems from the Jewish religious imperative to give tzedakah, charity to promote what is good and just in society. Today, it is common to see Jewish names plastered across hospitals, university buildings, libraries, synagogues and cultural institutions of every sort.

There are innumerable personal, financial, moral and social reasons to give. And despite problems with access and other inequalities, private gifts, large and small, have made American institutions the envy of the world. I am often asked, when people divorce, or for whatever reason, default on a gift as a couple, are they still obligated to continue to pay on a charitable commitment, going forward? Let’s consider the issue.
<h3>Backing out of a commitment to give under any circumstance – the gift is forgiven</h3>
Initially, people sometimes make promises and fail to deliver. Usually, the promised gift is forgiven if the matter is handled delicately and respectfully. Institutions want to preserve relationships with donors. Donors, likewise, generally want to preserve their relationships with the institutions about which they care, even if they need to walk-back a donation.
<h3>Backing out of a commitment to Give – the institution enforces the gift</h3>
Sometimes, however, conditions surrounding the gift get more complicated. Consider the example of a philanthropist who promised to fund a project that would bear his name, and for whatever reason, backed out of the project. Based on the legal principles of detrimental reliance and promissory estoppel, the philanthropist, even without having entered a contract, can be forced to deliver on his promise in certain circumstances. Such a situation might occur if the institution relied on a reasonable promise, that reliance was detrimental, and the only way damage can be avoided is to enforce the promise. Such situations are rare, but they do happen. In such a case, the institution would be free to rename the project.
<h3>The commitment is ongoing during divorce</h3>
It is somewhat common for philanthropic couples to make gifts that are paid over a period of time. Upon divorce what happens? If, when a couple divorces, they can no longer afford the obligation, couples in these situations, or lawyers on behalf of the couples, almost always engage the institution. Generally, institutions are eager to help solve these problems.

Other times, the outstanding obligation is treated as a marital debt. The couples may work together to renegotiate the terms of the commitment and share any tax benefits or other benefits attendant to the gift. From a divorce perspective, the gift obligation between the spouses will be treated as a debt to be shared, in an agreed upon percentage. Or, if the parties cannot agree, just like an asset, a debt is presumed to be divided 50-50, or otherwise as a judge or magistrate deems fair and equitable under the circumstances. When a couple defaults on an obligation, the institution can rename whatever was gifted, if they choose, or as according to the charitable documentation provides.

More difficult are the situations where, upon divorce, couples want to rename, or “de-name,” gifts previously given. The original charitable documents may control the outcome. Sometimes, lawyers need to get involved, but again, institutions tend to cooperate to find solutions that work seamlessly for the divorcing philanthropists.

As with all these situations, solutions require finesse and a deft hand.

This article originally appeared as a column for the <a role="link" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/when-philanthropic-giving-goes-wrong/article_464661e0-f2cf-11ef-917e-57bc6092a6f8.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external">Cleveland Jewish News</a>.]]></content>
						        </entry>
	</feed>